Here's how it happened. The science of motion was originally being studied properly by using pendulums as a method of determining velocity after collisions. After several decades of these studies, Rene Descartes summarized the results saying there is a fixed amount of motion in the universe, because it is always conserved through interactions. By motion, he meant mass times velocity, now called momentum.

Then in 1686 Gottfried Leibniz published a total fraud. He said Descartes was wrong—it is not mv that is the conserved quantity of motion it is mass times velocity squared. To show this, he said that if a one pound object is dropped four feet, it will do the same thing as a four pound object dropped one foot. Then by using boxes as a substitute for calculus, he showed that this conserves mass times velocity squared rather than mv.

This was the old bait and switch trick that goes with all fraud. Supposedly the proof was in drawing the boxes, but it was claiming that the starting point should be force times distance as the conserved quantity that was a total fraud.

Why should force times distance be the starting point for defining energy? No explanation was given. If force times time were the starting point, then Descartes would have been right, and mv would be the conserved quantity of motion. I show two mathematical proofs that Descartes was right and Leibniz was wrong.

Notice that science was proceeding along a correct path of logic and evidence until someone decided to perpetrate a fraud. Pulling force times distance out of thin air with no evidence is not science, and all honest scientists would have known that.

Then James Joule supposedly proved Leibniz right through the most perverse misrepresentation of experimentation ever produced in science. He supposedly measured heat in a wooden bucket, while there were no thermal constants to show where the heat was going. He said he "climinated" by doing a test run before starting. It wasn't just a blind spot with wood and rope, he did electrical experiments at the same standard before getting to the wooden bucket. Other physicists were working with the wooden bucket, but they could not get the problems solved, while Joule claimed to have solved the problems. For example, they could not keep the water from spinning and resulting in acceleration which reduced force. They tried to put floats on top, which of course didn't work. But Joule claimed that his floats solved the problem. He was nothing but a bold faced liar.